Culture shock에 관한 에세이입니다.

논리학에서의 과제인 Culture shock의 정의와 유학생들이 이것에 대해 어떤 자세를 취해야 피해를 최소화할 수 있는가...에 대한 에세이 입니다.
저번 경제 에세이와는 다르게 글자 수 제한이 1200자 (+- 10%) 로 늘어나 쓰는데 조금 식겁했습니다.

펼쳐두기..

Nowadays, many people visit other countries to travel, study, or have a business. Therefore people feel cultural difference more often than decades ago. Sometimes, cultural differences cause cultural shocks when the particular situation is not familiar in his or her mother country. Cultural difference may occur between countries but cultural shock occurs between different cultural area such as oriental and western culture. That is the reason why international students and settlers from other cultural area feel uncomfortable. Moreover, this uncomfortable feelings caused by cultural shock is the reason of several health problems of international students. If they are not adapted to another country, they can get these problems. There are several ways to overcome the barrier of the culture. This essay will acknowledge you about the definition of cultural shock and the ways to prevent and overcome the cultural shock.

 

Sometimes, visiting other country makes people exhausted because of the cultural difference. The definition of cultural shock is the shock that people get when they have been through the strange situation caused by cultural difference and cultural shock also includes that all differences that people can recon and feel uncomfortable such as food, cleanliness, and people’s attitude (Jacobs n.d.). Human stability usually depends on the stability of daily life pattern and cultural differences make it unstable. In addition, the symptoms of culture shock are that people from overseas may have a feeling of sadness and insecure, concern of their health which is not critical at the moment and insomnia (Schimidt n.d.).  However, the cultural shock may be the refreshment for traveler but it is one of the difficulties for the settlers and international students.. Therefore culture shock may cause psychological and physical health problems as well.

 

Psychological health problem is usually the main reason that causes the physical health problem like chain reaction. According to the Tabak’s opinion, cultural shock affects to the mental by 4 stages such as wondering, frustration, and depression and acceptance stage (Tabak 2007). In wondering stage, people get excited to travel another unknown world. They treat a problem as a cultural difference and enjoy that moment. The short trip or honeymoon is in this stage; therefore, people may get good memories without worries. For settlers, they have to get through the second stage, the frustration stage. If people get used to the curious and wonderful daily lives enough, they think the new culture is terrible than they thought. Anger and frustration are the usual response from setters in this stage because they do not think every element in this particular country is not as good as their home country (Tabak 2007). And then they proceed to the next stage, the depression stage. Actually, depression stage is the hardest period for everyone because people feel eventually sad and loneliness. Many mental problems (not mental diseases) such as depression and homesickness are occurred in this period. It drives people feel hopeless. Finally, the final stage is acceptance stage. People start to accept the situation they have. People from other countries understand more about the new culture and start to get easy even though they do not understand the culture perfectly. But when they realize the cultural difference is inevitable they enter the re-entry stages (Choo 2003). For international students, cultural shock directly influence to their study grade. They might have these emotional problems such as loneliness, homesickness, and depression.

 

Cultural shock impacts are critical to the international students. Usually most of international students coming to study long-period are coming without their family or their friends. Moreover, the age of the international students is getting younger. Young students may feel loneliness and homesickness more than older students. Therefore they experience cultural shock very easily. Cultural shock interrupt students’ study pattern and it directly influence to the grades. It is like chain reaction because, student who feels emotional difficulties and got low study grade will suffer from both problems. Prevent cultural shock from international students and emotional support is crucial for them.

 

There are many ways to prevent or overcome the cultural shock. First of all, international students or settlers have to learn about new culture of country. If they learn about the tradition or historical holidays, they will understand the country and their neighbor well. It is generally difficult to learn everything about other culture but it helps a lot to be adapted to other culture and relax the unstable mind. Making new local friends also helps to fit in the new cultural statement. Local friends or neighborhoods will acknowledge you to adapt well and they also give a help to solve particular difficult situation (Dicks 2000). To adapt well in other cultural area, people from different culture should remove the stereotype (Oberg n.d.). Stereotype causes serious aversion when the fabulous situation happens. If international student overreact when those kinds of fabulous situation which is familiar with local people happens, local people will treat you as a strange person. Therefore international people should know more about new culture. For international students, they may have a consultant with the school counselor. Have consultation with school counselor can improve the situation which you are in and they probably have a lot of experience of this kind of counseling. In addition, join the local communities such as church and school club will also help international students a lot. Local communities can improve the feeling of familiarity of new culture and community member.

 

In conclusion, as the people move around the world, the number of international students is increased a lot as well. They usually find difficulties to adapt themselves into the new cultural area and sometimes, they feel uncomfortable in the new society. The cultural shock is the shock related to cultural differences that people from overseas get and it may cause several mental and physical problems. It has 4 – 5 stages to accept and adapt in new culture and there are several ways to cope with this problems. Acceptance and ability to understanding are needed to international students to adapt well in the new cultural area.

지옥같은 호주 인터넷 애프터 속도.

아시다시피 호주는 인터넷 종량제 국가입니다. 한국과 다르게 쓰는 용량을 정해놓고 요금을 내기 때문에 종종 용량이 바닥나는 경우가 태반입니다. 용량이 다 떨어지게되면 속도가 최소한의 작업을 할 수 있을 정도로 떨어지는데요. 예를들어 다운로드속도는 초당 2kb가 뜨며 (뭐, 요금이 남아있어도 100kb를 넘기기 힘듭니다.) 자주쓰는 Gmail 역시 표준보기모드로는 접속이 힘듭니다. 네이버도 역시 접속이 힘들구요. 제가 알기론 이렇게 애프터 요금으로 넘어가면 추가요금은 안내면서 최소한의 작업은 할 수 있게 해줍니다.

어쨌거나, 추가요금은 내지않고 용량도 남지 않았기 때문에 오랜만에 영화나 다운받아볼까? 하고 공유사이트 접속, 다운로드를 시작했습니다. 사실, 다운로드 페이지로 넘어가는동안 숨이 멎는줄만 알았습니다만, 어찌어찌 잘 들어와 다운로드를 시작했습니다. 어젯밤부터 받기 시작했는데 속도가....

속도와 남은시간이 참 슬프네요.. 280시간?

뭐 대충 이렇습니다... 어쩌겠어요...
애초부터 호주에서 영화를 다운받는것 자체가 삐뚫어진 생각이었지만, 어쩌겠어요 이런걸...ㅋㅋ
포스트 못한거? 다 이거 때문입니다. 물론, 인터넷은 씁니다만, 블로그에 접속할때면 울화통이 터져서 끄곤 했으니까요.

결론은, 호주에선 인터넷을 아껴쓰자입니다. (모든 종량제 국가에서)

P.S 아 지금은 580 시간에 1kb/s 네요 ㅜㅜ

애들레이드 Pagent 퍼레이드.

지금 애들레이드는 크리스마스 분위기가 한창입니다. 거리마다 크리스마스 장식이 있고, 상가에는 크리스마스 파티상품이 많이 팔리고 있습니다. 이틀 전인 11월 14일, 거리 퍼레이드 행사가 있었는데요, 더워 죽겠는데 징글벨소리를 듣고 메리크리스마스 소리를 들으니까 전혀 적응이 안되네요.

 

 

이상한 아수스 K50IN 노트북.

약 한달전, 노트북을 새로 장만했습니다. 아수스의 K50IN계열 모델인데요, 가격대 성능이 좋아보였고, 아수스도 괜찮기에 이 제품을 골랐습니다. 그런데 사실 지금 노트북을 새로 장만하고나서부터 계속 마음에 들지 않는 일이 생깁니다. 윈도우 비스타 얼티밋 쓰다가 뭔가 제 성능을 제대로 발휘하지 못하는거 같아 XP 프로페셔널로 갈아탔습니다만, 뭔가 그대로 입니다. 포맷을 수십번 하고 윈도우 레지스트리도 건드려봤지만, 이거 뭐 고물 덩어리같습니다. 어제는 쉬프트키가 눌려진채로 인식되어 무슨짓을 해도 풀리지 않더니 오늘 보니 풀어져있네요. 마치 새 제품이 아닌 쓰던 제품을 받은 느낌이기도 하고, 도대체가 어디서부터 잘못된건지도 모르겠네요. 리눅스로의 부팅은 어떤 배포판을 쓰더라도 되지 않습니다. 구글링을 좀 해봤더니, 최신커널의 문제라기도 하고, 컴퓨터의 바이오스 문제라고도 하던데, 옛날 배포판을 사용해도 라이브CD로의 부팅과 텍스트모드 설치조차 들어가지지 않습니다. 슬슬 짜증이 나네요. 하루종일 붙잡고 있어도 뭔가 해결책이 떠오르질 않습니다. 어떡해야 좋을지...

컴퓨터 바이러스에관한 간단한 프레젠테이션할 때 참고했던 문서들.

제가 이 곳 학교 학기초에 컴퓨팅시간에 했던 바이러스관련 프레젠테이션 자료들 입니다.
대부분은 위키피디아에서 참고했지만, 아무래도 한 곳에 모아두는 게 나을 것 같아서 이렇게 올리네요.
파워포인트 파일을 만들 땐, 이 자료들을 그대로 베끼면 안됩니다. 호주와 같은 서양학교들은 에세이나 이런 발표자료 등을 만들 때 만든 사람이 내용을 완벽히 이해했다는 것을 알고 싶어합니다. 때문에, 어떠한 관련된 글을 처음부터 끝까지 읽고 완벽히 이해한 후, 자기자신의 단어를 사용하여 글을 써내려 가야 합니다. 물론, 프레젠테이션의 경우 슬라이드에 문장이 들어가지 않기 때문에 중요한 키워드만 뽑아내어 사용합니다.

Origin of Virus (바이러스의 기원

Computer viruses are called viruses because they share some of the traits of biological viruses. A computer virus passes from computer to computer like a biological virus passes from person to person.

Unlike a cell, a virus has no way to reproduce by itself. Instead, a biological virus must inject its DNA into a cell. The viral DNA then uses the cell's existing machinery to reproduce itself. In some cases, the cell fills with new viral particles until it bursts, releasing the virus. In other cases, the new virus particles bud off the cell one at a time, and the cell remains alive.


A computer virus shares some of these traits. A computer virus must piggyback on top of some other program or document in order to launch. Once it is running, it can infect other programs or documents. Obviously, the analogy between computer and biological viruses stretches things a bit, but there are enough similarities that the name sticks.

People write computer viruses. A person has to write the code, test it to make sure it spreads properly and then release it. A person also designs the virus's attack phase, whether it's a silly message or the destruction of a hard disk. Why do they do it?

There are at least three reasons. The first is the same psychology that drives vandals and arsonists. Why would someone want to break a window on someone's car, paint signs on buildings or burn down a beautiful forest? For some people, that seems to be a thrill. If that sort of person knows computer programming, then he or she may funnel energy into the creation of destructive viruses.

The second reason has to do with the thrill of watching things blow up. Some people have a fascination with things like explosions and car wrecks. When you were growing up, there might have been a kid in your neighborhood who learned how to make gunpowder. And that kid probably built bigger and bigger bombs until he either got bored or did some serious damage to himself. Creating a virus is a little like that -- it creates a bomb inside a computer, and the more computers that get infected the more "fun" the explosion.

The third reason involves bragging rights, or the thrill of doing it. Sort of like Mount Everest -- the mountain is there, so someone is compelled to climb it. If you are a certain type of programmer who sees a security hole that could be exploited, you might simply be compelled to exploit the hole yourself before someone else beats you to it.

Of course, most virus creators seem to miss the point that they cause real damage to real people with their creations. Destroying everything on a person's hard disk is real damage. Forcing a large company to waste thousands of hours cleaning up after a virus is real damage. Even a silly message is real damage because someone has to waste time getting rid of it. For this reason, the legal system is getting much harsher in punishing the people who create viruses.

History of Virus (바이러스의 역사

Traditional computer viruses were first widely seen in the late 1980s, and they came about because of several factors. The first factor was the spread of personal computers (PCs). Prior to the 1980s, home computers were nearly non-existent or they were toys. Real computers were rare, and they were locked away for use by "experts." During the 1980s, real computers started to spread to businesses and homes because of the popularity of the IBM PC (released in 1982) and the Apple Macintosh (released in 1984). By the late 1980s, PCs were widespread in businesses, homes and college campuses.

The second factor was the use of computer bulletin boards. People could dial up a bulletin board with a modem and download programs of all types. Games were extremely popular, and so were simple word processors, spreadsheets and other productivity software. Bulletin boards led to the precursor of the virus known as the Trojan horse. A Trojan horse is a program with a cool-sounding name and description. So you download it. When you run the program, however, it does something uncool like erasing your disk. You think you are getting a neat game, but it wipes out your system. Trojan horses only hit a small number of people because they are quickly discovered, the infected programs are removed and word of the danger spreads among users.


The third factor that led to the creation of viruses was the floppy disk. In the 1980s, programs were small, and you could fit the entire operating system, a few programs and some documents onto a floppy disk or two. Many computers did not have hard disks, so when you turned on your machine it would load the operating system and everything else from the floppy disk. Virus authors took advantage of this to create the first self-replicating programs.

Early viruses were pieces of code attached to a common program like a popular game or a popular word processor. A person might download an infected game from a bulletin board and run it. A virus like this is a small piece of code embedded in a larger, legitimate program. When the user runs the legitimate program, the virus loads itself into memory­ and looks around to see if it can find any other programs on the disk. If it can find one, it modifies the program to add the virus's code into the program. Then the virus launches the "real program." The user really has no way to know that the virus ever ran. Unfortunately, the virus has now reproduced itself, so two programs are infected. The next time the user launches either of those programs, they infect other programs, and the cycle continues.

If one of the infected programs is given to another person on a floppy disk, or if it is uploaded to a bulletin board, then other programs get infected. This is how the virus spreads.

The spreading part is the infection phase of the virus. Viruses wouldn't be so violently despised if all they did was replicate themselves. Most viruses also have a destructive attack phase where they do damage. Some sort of trigger will activate the attack phase, and the virus will then do something -- anything from printing a silly message on the screen to erasing all of your data. The trigger might be a specific date, the number of times the virus has been replicated or something similar.

In the next section, we will look at how viruses have evolved over the years.


Floppy disks were factors in the spread of computer viruses.

Evolution (바이러스의 진화

As virus creators became more sophisticated, they learned new tricks. One important trick was the ability to load viruses into memory so they could keep running in the background as long as the computer remained on. This gave viruses a much more effective way to replicate themselves. Another trick was the ability to infect the boot sector on floppy disks and hard disks. The boot sector is a small program that is the first part of the operating system that the computer loads. It contains a tiny program that tells the computer how to load the rest of the operating system. By putting its code in the boot sector, a virus can guarantee it is executed. It can load itself into memory immediately and run whenever the computer is on. Boot sector viruses can infect the boot sector of any floppy disk inserted in the machine, and on college campuses, where lots of people share machines, they could spread like wildfire.

In general, neither executable nor boot sector viruses are very threatening any longer. The first reason for the decline has been the huge size of today's programs. Nearly every program you buy today comes on a compact disc. Compact discs (CDs) cannot be modified, and that makes viral infection of a CD unlikely, unless the manufacturer permits a virus to be burned onto the CD during production. The programs are so big that the only easy way to move them around is to buy the CD. People certainly can't carry applications around on floppy disks like they did in the 1980s, when floppies full of programs were traded like baseball cards. Boot sector viruses have also declined because operating systems now protect the boot sector.

Infection from boot sector viruses and executable viruses is still possible. Even so, it is a lot harder, and these viruses don't spread nearly as quickly as they once did. Call it "shrinking habitat," if you want to use a biological analogy. The environment of floppy disks, small programs and weak operating systems made these viruses possible in the 1980s, but that environmental niche has been largely eliminated by huge executables, unchangeable CDs and better operating system safeguards.

Example (바이러스 예시

Jerusalem Virus (예루살렘 바이러스)

Jerusalem is a DOS file virus first detected in Jerusalem, Israel, in October 1987.

Upon infection, the Jerusalem virus becomes memory resident (using 2kb of memory), and then infects every executable file run, except for COMMAND.COM. .COM files grow by 1,813 bytes when infected by Jerusalem and are not re-infected. .EXE files grow by 1,808 to 1,823 bytes each time they are infected. The virus re-infects .EXE files each time the files are loaded until they are too large to load into memory. Some .EXE files are infected but do not grow because several overlays follow the genuine .EXE file in the same file. Sometimes .EXE files are incorrectly infected, causing the program to fail to run as soon as it is executed.

The virus code itself hooks into interrupt processing and other low level DOS services. For example, code in the virus suppresses the printing of console messages if, for example, the virus is not able to infect a file on a read-only device such as a floppy disk. One of the clues that a computer is infected is the mis-capitalization of the well-known message "Bad command or file name" as "Bad Command or file name".

The program contains one destructive payload that is set to go off on Friday the 13th, all years but 1987. On that date, the virus deletes every program file that was executed. Jerusalem is also known as BlackBox because of a black box it displays during the payload sequence. If the system is in text mode, Jerusalem creates a small black rectangle from row 5, column 5 to row 16, column 16. The rectangle is scrolled up by two lines.

As a result of the virus hooking into the low-level timer interrupt, PC-XT systems slow down to one fifth of their normal speeds 30 minutes after the virus has installed itself. The slowdown is less noticeable on faster machines. The virus contains code that enters a processing loop each time the processor's timer tick is activated.

Symptoms also include spontaneous disconnection of workstations from networks and creation of large printer spooling files. Disconnections occur since Jerusalem uses the 'interrupt 21h' low-level DOS functions that Novell Netware and other networking implementations required to hook into the file system.

Jerusalem was initially very common (for a virus of the day) and spawned a large number of variants. However, since the advent of Windows, these DOS interrupts are no longer used, so Jerusalem and its variants have become obsolete.

Jerusalem is a DOS file virus first detected in Jerusalem, Israel, in October 1987.

Once the Jerusalem virus activated, It stays in memory area.

and then infects every executable file run.

When the computer is infected by Jerusalem virus, the size of executable files grow up.

오래되서 분류가 정확한지는 모르겠습니다만, 발표준비할때 많은 도움이 되었던 자료들입니다. 이걸로 거의 모든 슬라이드를 커버하며 대사를 만들었었기 때문에 간단한 고등학교수준의 발표라면 이 정도면 충분할 것으로 생각합니다.

파이어폭스 3.5

본격적으로 파이어폭스를 써보려고 파이어폭스 3.5 버전을 설치 했습니다.
3.0 쓸때는 사실 설치해놓고도 IE를 더 자주 쓰게 되었는데, 확실히 외국으로 나와서 외국사이트 이용이 조금 늘어나니 IE보다는 파폭을 더 쓰게 되더군요. 요즘에는 파이어폭스를 쓴다고 한국사이트가 깨져서 나오는 경우도 거의 없고, 왠만한건 이제 파폭으로 다 하게 되네요. 다들 추천하시는 부가기능 중에 All in one gestures는 가히 파폭 부가기능 중 최고네요. 부가기능 백업으로 쓰이는 FEBE 역시 막강하군요.
 지금 파이어폭스 3.6 베타가 배포 중이라던데, 3.6버전은 또 어떤 기능을 보여줄지 기대됩니다.

리눅스 : 우분투 새버젼 9.10 릴리즈.

새버젼이 뜨면 일반우편으로 CD부터 받고보는 어찌보면 광신도, 어찌보면 캐노니컬의 골치덩이 Pok2 입니다. 물론 마음만은 광신도이지만 뉴비라 늘 어딘가 어설프게 설치해버리는 저입니다.
어찌됐든, 우분투 9.10이 새로 릴리즈 되었네요. 며칠 전부터 릴리즈 된다 된다 하더니 어느새 되어 있군요.

어...어느새...? (출처: http://www.ubuntu.com/)

이번 9.10버전부터 넷북에 최적화된 Netbook remix 버젼도 함께 출시되었는데요, 작은 스크린에 최적화된 디스플레이와 더욱 심플한 UI를 보여준다네요.

우분투 홈페이지에 따르면, 새로운 9.10버전은 Yahoo 메신져, Gmail, MSN, QQ(중국 로컬 메신져)로의 접근이 쉬워졌다네요. 파이어폭스 3.5를 기본탑재하고 있으며, 전과는 다르게 게임기능을 강조하고 있네요.
무엇보다 게임기능이 제일 기대되는데요. 하드웨어를 좀 타는 우분투로 게임을 한다는건 조금 무리라는 생각을 가지고 있는 저로썬 궁금하기도하고 기대되기도 하네요.

과연 저런 게임기동이 가능 할 것 인가...(출처: www.ubuntu.com)

점점 버전을 갈아치워가는 ubuntu... 점점 하드웨어도 덜 타는 우분투가 되었으면 좋겠습니다.